Prescription 2017: Rooibos Coffee
January 12, 2017 Written by JP [Font too small?]If you’re a coffee lover, like me, here’s a simple, tasty hack that can help you start 2017 off right. I discovered this technique very much by accident. One afternoon, I was debating whether to have a cup of coffee or tea. I looked through my tea collection and considered the usual suspects: matcha, oolong and white tea. All three provide a bump in energy, albeit a milder bump, than coffee. Additionally, they’re abundant reservoirs of health promoting phytochemicals (catechins, flavonoids, theaflavins) not present in coffee. Decisions, decisions!
The question of “coffee or tea” has a long standing tradition in many cultures. But, combining the two isn’t the norm in any part of the world. Since they both contain caffeine, consuming them together is typically deemed redundant. The resulting flavor isn’t much to cheer about either. Trust me, I’ve tried it! Then it struck me: Why not combine a non-caffeinated, “herbal tea” with coffee in order to boost the healthful effects? Great plan! However, I soon realized that many of my caffeine-free, “go to” teas (chamomile, ginger, hibiscus) were incompatible with the strong flavor of coffee. Rooibos, on the other hand, has a set of characteristics that I suspected might work. Why so? Unfermented, green rooibos has a delicate, slightly sweet and unique taste that is easily covered up.
If you’re unfamiliar with rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), you’re probably not reading this in South Africa. The leaves of A. lenearis aka red bush or rooibos resemble tiny splinters of wood in their dried, fermented state. The unfermented leaves are known as green rooibos. The latter is milder in flavor and richer in rare and potentially therapeutic phytochemicals, including aspalathin, dihydrochalcones and nothofagin. A growing body of research has linked rooibos tea consumption to numerous health benefits in animal models. The positive findings reveal that antioxidants present in rooibos protect test animals from a broad range of maladies ranging from brain injury to diabetes. More importantly, a few human trials report that this medicinal bush improves oxidative status and a variety of cardiovascular risk factors – lowering LDL (“bad”) cholesterol and triglycerides, while raising HDL (“good”) cholesterol.
At this point you may be wondering if simply drinking rooibos tea instead of coffee may be the way to go. While I have no problem with that, I do want to point out that the vast majority of recent studies involving coffee demonstrate positive outcomes. Some of the conclusions are pretty obvious. For instance, one experiment revealed that students perform better in the early morning after having a cup of caffeinated coffee – in comparison to decaf. Having said that, other scientific discoveries are lesser known and not as widely publicized. I ask you: How many of your doctors recommend coffee as a way to lower the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or non-melanoma skin cancer? But they could, based on many peer-reviewed papers appearing in prestigious medical journals.
Now that you know why I recommend adding rooibos to coffee, let’s get down to the process of making it. Brewing rooibos coffee is about as straight forward as you can get. If you use a French press, simply add 1-2 tablespoons of loose rooibos leaves to your ground coffee. If you use an espresso maker or instant coffee, I recommend steeping the rooibos separately in a small amount of purified water (for up to 15 minutes) and then adding it to your fresh brewed coffee. Typically, I toss in a few tea bags worth of rooibos for every cup of coffee. Another approach is to brew several bags or a few ounces of loose leaves at one time. Add a small amount of the resulting decoction to every cup of coffee, and save the rest in the refrigerator for subsequent coffee breaks. It keeps just fine for several days. If you decide to try it, I hope you’ll enjoy it as much as I do. Cheers to you all!
Note: Please check out the “Comments & Updates” section of this blog – at the bottom of the page. You can find the latest research about this topic there!
Study 1 – Anti-Oxidative Effects of Rooibos Tea (Aspalathus Linearis) on … (link)
Study 2 – Modulating Effects of Rooibos and Honeybush Herbal Teas … (link)
Study 3 – Aspalathin Improves Hyperglycemia and Glucose Intolerance … (link)
Study 4 – A Review of the Bioactivity of South African Herbal Teas … (link)
Study 5 – Effects of Rooibos (Aspalathus Linearis) on Oxidative Stress … (link)
Study 6 – Effects of Green Tea, Black Tea and Rooibos Tea on Angiotensin … (link)
Study 7 – Association between the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and … (link)
Study 8 – Regularly Consuming a Green/Roasted Coffee Blend Reduces the … (link)
Study 9 – Coffee Consumption and Risk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer … (link)
Study 10 – Coffee Consumption and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver … (link)
Coffee Improves Memory Performance in “Non-Optimal Time of the Day”
Source: Front Psychol. 2016 Nov 14;7:1764. (link)
Tags: Coffee, Rooibos, Tea
Posted in Alternative Therapies, Food and Drink, Heart Health
January 12th, 2017 at 2:38 pm
Updated 01/12/17:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28071018
Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment. 2016 Oct-Dec;15(4):409-417.
Effect of roasting degree on the antioxidant activity of different Arabica coffee quality classes.
BACKGROUND: Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, because of its unique sensory properties and physiological properties. Coffee beverages represent a significant source of antioxidants in the consumers’ diet and contribute significantly to their daily intake. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of different roasting degrees on the content of biologically active compounds and antioxidant activity in different quality classes of Arabica coffee.
METHODS: Samples of green Arabica coffee (Rio Minas) of two quality classes from two production batches were used for the research. Roasting was carried out at temperatures of 167, 175 and 171°C. The total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), flavonol content (FC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS) in the coffee extracts was determined.
RESULTS: This research shows that TPC was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in green coffee compared to TPC in roasted coffee, and TPC decreases as the roasting temperature increases. TFC and FC were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in green coffee than in roasted coffee. Differences in TPC between the 1st and 2nd classes of Arabica coffee were not significant (P > 0.05), while differences in TFC were significant (P < 0.05) only for green coffee from the second production batch and differences in FC were significant (P < 0.05) for green coffee and for coffee roasted at 175°C. Roasting temperatures have different influences the antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS) of coffee and the highest antioxidant activity was determined in coffee roasted at 171°C. An exception was 1st class Arabica coffee roasted at 167°C (ABTS). All samples of 1st class Arabica coffee had higher antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS) compared to 2nd class Arabica. CONCLUSIONS: This research shows that the bioactive compounds content and antioxidant activity of different quality classes of Arabica coffee are dependent on the degree of roasting. TPC decreases when the roasting temperature increases, while TFC and FC also increase. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity of coffee depends on a variety of bioactive components in coffee beans. Antioxidant activity largely depends on the class of coffee. The coffee samples of 1stclass quality (maximum 8 black beans/300 g from the sample and large bean size) had higher antioxidant activity compared to samples of 2nd quality class (maximum 19 black beans/300 g in the sample and medium-sized beans). Be well! JP
January 12th, 2017 at 2:40 pm
Updated 01/12/17:
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/1/32/htm
Nutrients. 2017 Jan 4;9(1).
Postprandial Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses to Common Breakfast Beverages Consumed with a Standard Meal in Adults Who Are Overweight and Obese.
Breakfast beverages with different nutrient compositions may affect postprandial glycemic control differently. We assessed the effects of consuming (1) common breakfast beverages (water, sugar-sweetened coffee, reduced-energy orange juice (OJ), and low-fat milk (LFM)); and (2) fat-free, low-fat, and whole milk with breakfast on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses in adults who were overweight/obese. Forty-six subjects (33F/13M, body mass index: 32.5 ± 0.7 kg/m², age: 50 ± 1 years, mean ± SEMs) consumed a standard sandwich with one of the six beverages on separate mornings in randomized order. The test beverages (except water) each contained 12 g digestible carbohydrate. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured from blood obtained pre- and post-meal at 30-min intervals for 4 h and incremental areas under the curve (AUC) were computed. We found (1) among different beverage types, glucose AUC was higher for coffee versus water, OJ, and LFM. Insulin AUC was higher for coffee and LFM versus OJ and water; (2) Glucose AUCs were not different among water and milks while insulin AUC was higher for milks versus water. In conclusion, consumption of water, reduced-energy OJ, or milk (irrespective of fat content) with a meal may be preferable to consuming sugar-sweetened coffee for glucose control in middle-aged adults who are overweight and obese.
Be well!
JP
January 12th, 2017 at 2:41 pm
Updated 01/12/17:
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full/10.1139/cjpp-2016-0498
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2017 Jan;95(1):93-100.
Caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on attention under emotional arousal.
Tea is perceived as more relaxing than coffee, even though both contain caffeine. L-theanine in tea may account for the difference. Consumed together, caffeine and theanine exert similar cognitive effects to that of caffeine alone, but exert opposite effects on arousal, in that caffeine accentuates and theanine mitigates physiological and felt stress responses. We evaluated whether caffeine and theanine influenced cognition under emotional arousal. Using a double-blind, repeated-measures design, 36 participants received 4 treatments (200 mg caffeine + 0 mg theanine, 0 mg caffeine + 200 mg theanine, 200 mg caffeine + 200 mg theanine, 0 mg caffeine + 0 mg theanine) on separate days. Emotional arousal was induced by highly arousing negative film clips and pictures. Mood, salivary cortisol, and visual attention were evaluated. Caffeine accentuated global processing of visual attention on the hierarchical shape task (p < 0.05), theanine accentuated local processing (p < 0.05), and the combination did not differ from placebo. Caffeine reduced flanker conflict difference scores on the Attention Network Test (p < 0.05), theanine increased difference scores (p < 0.05), and the combination did not differ from placebo. Thus, under emotional arousal, caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on certain attentional processes, but when consumed together, they counteract the effects of each other. Be well! JP
January 13th, 2017 at 3:20 pm
Updated 01/13/17:
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/1/56/htm
Nutrients 2017, 9(1), 56
Coffee Intake Is Associated with a Lower Liver Stiffness in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Hepatitis C, and Hepatitis B
Abstract: There is emerging evidence for the positive effects or benefits of coffee in patients with liver disease. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection to determine the effects of coffee intake on a non-invasive marker of liver fibrosis: liver stiffness assessed by transient elastography (TE). We assessed coffee and tea intake and measured TE in 1018 patients with NAFLD, HCV, and HBV (155 with NAFLD, 378 with HCV and 485 with HBV). Univariate and multivariate regression models were performed taking into account potential confounders. Liver stiffness was higher in males compared to females (p < 0.05). Patients with HBV had lower liver stiffness than those with HCV and NAFLD. After adjustment for age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, M or XL probe, and disease state (NAFLD, HCV, and HBV status), those who drank 2 or more cups of coffee per day had a lower liver stiffness (p = 0.044). Tea consumption had no effect (p = 0.9). Coffee consumption decreases liver stiffness, which may indicate less fibrosis and inflammation, independent of disease state. This study adds further evidence to the notion of coffee maybe beneficial in patients with liver disease. Be well! JP
April 7th, 2017 at 11:27 pm
Updated 04/07/17:
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/3/276/htm
Nutrients. 2017 Mar 14;9(3).
Association between Coffee Consumption and Its Polyphenols with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Population-Based Study.
Epidemiological studies have examined the effect of coffee intake on cardiovascular disease, but the benefits and risks for the cardiovascular system remain controversial. Our objective was to evaluate the association between coffee consumption and its polyphenols on cardiovascular risk factors. Data came from the “Health Survey of São Paulo (ISA-Capital)” among 557 individuals, in São Paulo, Brazil. Diet was assessed by two 24-h dietary recalls. Coffee consumption was categorized into <1, 1-3, and ≥3 cups/day. Polyphenol intake was calculated by matching food consumption data with the Phenol-Explorer database. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides, fasting glucose, and homocysteine) and usual coffee intake. The odds were lower among individuals who drank 1-3 cups of coffee/day to elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.45; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 0.26, 0.78), elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.98), and hyperhomocysteinemia (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.93). Furthermore, significant inverse associations were also observed between moderate intake of coffee polyphenols and elevated SBP (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.87), elevated DBP (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.98), and hyperhomocysteinemia (OR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.78). In conclusion, coffee intake of 1-3 cups/day and its polyphenols were associated with lower odds of elevated SBP, DBP, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Thus, the moderate consumption of coffee, a polyphenol-rich beverage, could exert a protective effect against some cardiovascular risk factors.
Be well!
JP
August 8th, 2017 at 11:53 am
Updated 08/08/17:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jsfa.8607/abstract
J Sci Food Agric. 2017 Aug 3.
Polyphenol content, in vitro bioaccesibility and antioxidant capacity of widely consumed beverages.
BACKGROUND: Beverages prepared from antioxidant rich plants are sources of polyphenols, which bioactivity depends on bioaccesibility in the gastrointestinal tract. This work evaluated the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of widely consumed beverages such as chamomile tea, yerba mate, a coffee blend (65% roasted:35% green), and coffee-like substitutes such as chicory, malt and a soluble cereal mixture. Additionally, the bioaccesibility of the two beverages with the highest antioxidant capacity was evaluated using an in vitro digestion model.
RESULTS: Total phenolic contents ranged from 11.15 mg/200 mL in chamomile tea up to 154.53 mg/200 mL in mate or 215.05 mg/200 mL in the blend. These results correlated with the antioxidant capacity analysed by FRAP, ORAC and ABTS methods. Yerba mate and the coffee blend showed an average polyphenol recovery after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of 57% and 78%, respectively. Although both beverages showed similar phenolic composition, polyphenols in coffee were more stable than in yerba mate. Alkaline pH in the intestinal digestion stage was responsible for the observed reduction in polyphenol stability.
CONCLUSION: Regular consumption of the studied beverages provides considerable amounts of antioxidants which are relatively stable after simulated digestion, and thus have the potential to prevent oxidative stress-related disorders.
Be well!
JP
August 14th, 2017 at 11:30 pm
Updated 08/14/17:
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1359105317723452?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed&
J Health Psychol. 2017 Aug 1:1359105317723452.
Reducing sugar use in coffee while maintaining enjoyment: A randomized controlled trial.
Consuming coffee without (or with less) sugar may help people lower their daily calorie intake without restrictive dieting. We tested two theory-based interventions to help people do so. One involved gradually reducing sugar over time, and the other was based on mindfulness theory. These interventions were compared to a repeated exposure (to sugar-free coffee) group. Participants in all conditions had significant increases in consumption of sugar-free coffee that lasted 6 months. The mindfulness group had a larger increase than the others. Unexpectedly, the gradual reduction intervention led to a decrease in liking for sugar-free coffee and was the least effective.
Be well!
JP
October 16th, 2017 at 6:51 pm
Updated 10/16/17:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00394-017-1549-1
Eur J Nutr. 2017 Oct 7.
Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase is inversely associated with dietary total and coffee-derived polyphenol intakes in apparently healthy Japanese men.
PURPOSE: Serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been proposed as a marker of oxidative stress. Here, we examined the association between serum GGT and the dietary intake of polyphenols, which have antioxidant properties.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey including 7960 apparently healthy Japanese men (aged 22-86 years) who participated in health checkups was conducted in Shizuoka, Japan. We analyzed these subjects’ clinical serum parameters and lifestyle factors, including dietary polyphenol intake, which was evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire and by matching the subjects’ food consumption data with our original polyphenol content database.
RESULTS: The average intake of polyphenols was 1157 ± 471 mg/day, and green tea was the largest source of polyphenols at 40%, followed by coffee at 36%. Dividing the population according to quintiles of total polyphenol intake, the difference in polyphenol intake from coffee between the groups was much greater than the difference in polyphenol intake from green tea. The analysis of the association between polyphenol intake and biological parameters showed a significant negative association between polyphenol intake and the levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), GGT, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) after adjusting for age, smoking habit, energy intake and alcohol intake. The GGT levels were inversely associated with the polyphenol intake from coffee, but not with that from green tea. Multivariable linear regression analyses demonstrated that the subjects’ GGT levels were negatively and independently associated with their polyphenol intake.
CONCLUSIONS: The intake of total polyphenol including coffee as a major contributor is inversely associated with the serum GGT concentration in Japanese males.
Be well!
JP
December 17th, 2017 at 5:21 pm
Updated 12/17/17:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5724581/
J Caffeine Res. 2017 Dec 1;7(4):125-132.
A Randomized, Two-Way Crossover Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Caffeine Delivered Using Caffeinated Chewing Gum Versus a Marketed Caffeinated Beverage in Healthy Adult Volunteers.
Background: This study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics of caffeine delivered using caffeinated chewing gum to that delivered using a marketed caffeinated beverage (instant coffee) in 16 healthy adult volunteers. Materials and Methods: This was a controlled open-label, randomized, two-period crossover study. Caffeinated chewing gum and a serving of instant coffee, each containing ∼50 mg caffeine, were administered with blood samples collected before and up to 24 hours after administration starts. Plasma caffeine levels were analyzed using validated liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry methodology. Results: There were no statistical differences between the two caffeine products in tmax (p = 0.3308) and ka (p = 0.3894). Although formulated at ∼50 mg caffeine each, mean dose released from chewing gum was ∼18% less than beverage. Dose-normalized area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)0-t, AUC0-∞, and Cmax was similar between products. Although the criteria were not set a priori and the study was not powered for concluding bioequivalence, the 90% confidence intervals fell within the bioequivalence limit of 80% to 125%. Conclusions: Existing scientific literature on caffeine, based mostly on data from caffeinated beverages, can be leveraged to support the safety of caffeine delivered by chewing gum and current maximum safe caffeine dose advice should be applicable irrespective of delivery method.
Be well!
JP
December 14th, 2018 at 1:11 pm
Updated 12/14/18:
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2018/FO/C8FO01010B#!divAbstract
Food Funct. 2018 Oct 17;9(10):5041-5058.
Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos) – a functional food targeting cardiovascular disease.
Increasing consumer bias toward natural products and the considerable wealth of indigenous knowledge has precipitated an upturn in market-driven research into potentially beneficial medicinal plants. In this context, Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos) has been identified to be a promising candidate which may impact cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is one of the most widely studied chronic diseases of modern times. Despite these efforts, ischemic heart disease remains the number one cause of mortality globally. Apart from genetic predisposition and other aetiological mechanisms specific to particular types of CVD, co-factors from interlinked systems contribute significantly to disease development and the severity of its clinical manifestation. The bioactivity of Rooibos is directed towards multiple therapeutic targets. Experimental data to date include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects, as well as modulatory effects in terms of the immune system, adrenal steroidogenesis and lipid metabolism. This review integrates relevant literature on the therapeutic potential of Rooibos in the context of CVD, which is currently the most common of non-communicable diseases. The therapeutic value of whole plant extracts versus isolated active ingredients are addressed, together with the potential for overdose or herb-drug interaction. The body of research undertaken to date clearly underlines the benefits of Rooibos as both preventative and complementary therapeutic functional food in the context of CVD.
Be well!
JP
December 27th, 2018 at 10:06 pm
Updated 12/27/18:
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/1/1/htm
Nutrients. 2018 Dec 20;11(1).
Kombucha Beverage from Green, Black and Rooibos Teas: A Comparative Study Looking at Microbiology, Chemistry and Antioxidant Activity.
Kombucha is usually obtained from the fermentation of black or green tea by a consortium of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. In this study, kombucha was prepared from the same starter consortium using green and black teas as well as, for the first time, an infusion of rooibos leaves (Aspalathus linearis). Microbial diversity was analysed during fermentation both in the biofilm and in the corresponding kombuchas, using culture-dependent and -independent methods. Polyphenols, flavonoids, ethanol, and acids were quantified and anti-oxidant activities were monitored. All of the Kombuchas showed similarity in bacterial composition, with the dominance of Komagataeibacter spp. Beta diversity showed that the yeast community was significantly different among all tea substrates, between 7 and 14 days of fermentation and between biofilm and kombucha, indicating the influence of the substrate on the fermenting microbiota. Kombucha from rooibos has a low ethanol concentration (1.1 mg/mL), and a glucuronic acid amount that was comparable to black tea. Although antioxidant activity was higher in black and green kombucha compared to rooibos, the latter showed an important effect on the recovery of oxidative damage on fibroblast cell lines against oxidative stress. These results make rooibos leaves interesting for the preparation of a fermented beverage with health benefits.
Be well!
JP
March 9th, 2019 at 7:16 pm
Updated 03/09/19:
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/109/3/635/5369497?
Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Mar 5.
Coffee consumption and plasma biomarkers of metabolic and inflammatory pathways in US health professionals.
BACKGROUND: Coffee consumption has been linked to lower risk of various health outcomes. However, the biological pathways mediating the associations remain poorly understood.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the association between coffee consumption and concentrations of plasma biomarkers in key metabolic and inflammatory pathways underlying common chronic diseases.
METHODS: We investigated the associations of total, caffeinated, and decaffeinated coffee consumption with 14 plasma biomarkers, including C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein (IGFBP) 1, IGFBP-3, estrone, total and free estradiol, total and free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total adiponectin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR-2). Data were derived from 2 cohorts of 15,551 women (Nurses’ Health Study) and 7397 men (Health Professionals Follow-Up Study), who provided detailed dietary data before blood draw and were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at the time of blood draw. Multivariable linear regression was used to calculate the percentage difference of biomarker concentrations comparing coffee drinkers with nondrinkers, after adjusting for a variety of demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors.
RESULTS: Compared with nondrinkers, participants who drank ≥4 cups of total coffee/d had lower concentrations of C-peptide (-8.7%), IGFBP-3 (-2.2%), estrone (-6.4%), total estradiol (-5.7%), free estradiol (-8.1%), leptin (-6.4%), CRP (-16.6%), IL-6 (-8.1%), and sTNFR-2 (-5.8%) and higher concentrations of SHBG (5.0%), total testosterone (7.3% in women and 5.3% in men), total adiponectin (9.3%), and HMW adiponectin (17.2%). The results were largely similar for caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee.
CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that coffee consumption is associated with favorable profiles of numerous biomarkers in key metabolic and inflammatory pathways.
Be well!
JP
March 20th, 2019 at 3:42 pm
Updated 03/20/19:
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/12/3207/htm
Molecules. 2018 Dec 5;23(12).
The Potential of South African Herbal Tisanes, Rooibos and Honeybush in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that can lead to high morbidity, mortality and long-term complications. Available treatment strategies, which are mainly based on treating hyperglycemia, with insulin and other pharmacological agents are not completely efficient and can even lead to development of unwanted side effects. Scientific evidence suggests that bioactive compounds from teas and other plant-based foods, which are known source of natural antioxidants, could be an attractive strategy to preferentially treat and manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and thus, have significant therapeutic implications. In this review, we attempt an in-depth analysis and discussion of the current progress in our understanding of the antidiabetic potential of two commercialized South Africa herbal tisanes-Rooibos and Honeybush and their polyphenols.
Be well!
JP